Rice Crop Pests and Their Management
Rice Crop Pests and Their Management
1.Thrips
Zoological Name:- Stenchaetothrips biformis
Host range– Echinochloa sp.
Damage symptoms- Both Nymphs & Adults lacerate the tender leaves & suck the plant sap, causing yellow or silvery streaks on the leaves of young seedlings. Terminal rolling and drying of leaves from tip to base is the typical symptom of attack. It causes damage both in nursery and main field.
Management
- Spray Endosulfan 35 EC 80 ml or monocrotophos 36 WSC 40 ml/800 m2 nursery.
- Grow resistant cultivars like PTB 12, PTB 20, PT 321, H 4
2.Green leafhopper
Zoological Name:- Nephotettix virescens
Host range– Rice, Millets, Grasses
Damage symptoms– Both nymphs and adults desap the leaves and cause “hopper burn” due to heavy infestation. Yellowing of leaves from tip downwards is the typical symptom caused by this pest.vector for rice tungro virus, rice yellow dwarf and transitory yellowing diseases.
Management
- Use resistant varieties like IR 20, IR 50, CR 1009, Vani, Lalit
- Nursery should not be raised near the lamp posts.
- Apply neem [email protected] kg/800 m2 nursery as basal dose.
- Apply carbofuran 3 [email protected] kg or phorate 10 [email protected] kg or quinalphos 25 EC 80 ml per 800 m2 nursery.
- Maintain the water level at 2.5 cm for 3 days after granular application.
- Spray of the Acephate 75 SP 666-1000 g, Imidacloprid 17.8 SL 100 -125 ml, Quinalphos 25 EC 1000 ml
3.Brown plant hopper
Zoological Name:- Nilaparvata lugens
Host range: Rice, Sugarcane, Grasses
Damage symptoms– Nymphs and Adults congregate at the base of the plant above the water level and suck the sap from the tillers. The affected plant dries up and gives a scorched appearance called “hopper burn”. Circular patches of drying and lodging of matured plants are typical symptoms. It is the vector of grassy stunt, ragged stunt and wilted stunt diseases.
Management
- Use resistant varieties like Aruna, Karnataka, Karthika, Krishnaveni, Abhey, Asha, Divya, chaitanya,
- Avoid close planting.
- Avoid use of excessive nitrogenous fertilizers.
- Control irrigation by intermittent draining.
- Set up light traps to monitor & control pest population.
- Release of natural enemies like wolf spider, Lycosa pseudoannulata & green mirid bug.
- Spray neem seed kernel extract 5% (25 kg/ha)/ Neem oil 2% (10 L/ha).
- Spray imidacloprid 17.8 SL 125 ml / Buprofezin 25 SC 325 ml/ Acephate 75 SP 625 g /ha.
4.Yellow Stem Borer
Zoological Name:- Scirpophaga incertulas
Host range– Rice
Damage symptoms– Larva feeds on the stem and causes drying of the central shoot known as “dead heart” in the young seedlings and drying of the panicle in grown up plant called “white ear”. Damage ranges from 30-80%
Management
- Grow resistant varieties as- Ratna, Jaya, TKM 6, IR 20 & IR 26, Saket
- Clip the seedling tips before transplanting to eliminate egg masses & collect & destroy the egg masses in main field.
- Avoid close planting and continuous water stagnation at early stages.
- Collect and destroy the dead hearts and white ears.
- Set up light traps to attract and kill the moths.
- Install sex pheromone traps to monitor and mass trap.
- Release the egg parasitoid, Trichogramma japonicum
- Apply Carbofuran 3 G @ 25 kg or Benfuracarb 3 G 33 kg
5.Gall midge
Zoological Name:- Orseolia oryzae
Host range– Rice
Damage symptoms– The maggot feeds at the base of the growing shoot causing formation of a tube like gall similar to “onion needle” or “silver-shoot”. Infested tillers produce no panicles.
Management
- Early planting of the crop
- Use resistant varieties like MDU-3, Shakthi, Vikram, Sureka, IR 36
- Plough immediately after crop harvest.
- Remove the alternate host.
- Set up light trap @1/ha as a monitoring device. Infra red light trap attracts gall midge effectively.
- Parasitoid- Platygaster oryzae is an effectivhe predator..
- Apply Carbofuran 3G@25 kg
6.White backed plant hopper
Zoological Name:- Sogatella furcifera
Host range: Rice, maize, millets, sugarcane, grasses
Damage symptoms– Both nymphs and adults suck the sap and cause stunted growth and “hopper burn”
Management–
- Same as given for BPH.
- Use resistant varieties like AR 133, IC 25687, Tangner, Amelbero, HKR-10, HKR-126, IET 8116
7.Rice earhead bug
Zoological Name:- Leptocorisa acuta
Host range: Rice, Millets
Damage symtoms– Both nymphs and adults suck the sap from individual grains at milky stage. Affected grains become chaffy with black spots at the site of feeding puncture.
Management
- Remove alternate host, Echinocloa from bunds and field.
- Use neem seed kernel extract 5% or notchi leaf powder extract 5% or Ipomoea leaf powder extract 5% or Prosopis leaf powder extract 5%
- Dust quinalphos 1.5 D or carbaryl 10 D or malathion 5 D @ 25 kg/ha or spray malathion 50 EC 500 ml or monocrotophos 36 WSC 500 ml/ha.
8.Mealy bug
Zoological Name:- Brevennia rehi
Host range– Rice, graminaceous weeds
Damage symptoms- Large number of insects remains in leaf sheath and suck the sap, affecting plants in circular patches. Plants become weak, yellowish and stunted. Presence of white waxy fluff in leaf sheath is a typical symptom of damage.
Management
- Parasitoids such as Adelencyrtus sp., Xanthoencyrtus sp., Dolichoceros sp. &coccinellid predators can be utilized.
- Remove and destroy the affected plants.
- Spray dimethoate 30 EC 500 ml/ha in initial stages of infestation.
9.Rice black bug
Zoological Name:- Scotinophora lurida & S. coarctata
Host range– Rice, millets
Damage symptoms– Both nymphs and adults suck plant sap from the culm during tillering to flowering at the base of the plant. It also sucks the sap from leaf sheath, leaf and panicle. The affected plants turn reddish brown or yellow. During reproductive stage, it affects the panicle development and causes chaffy grains (white ears).
10.Spiny beetle / Rice hispa
Zoological Name:- Dicladispa armigera
Host range- Rice
Damage symptoms- Adults feed on chlorophyll by scraping and cause white patches along the long axis of leaf. Grubs mine into the leaves and make blister near leaf tips.
Management
- The leaf tips containing blotch mines should be plucked and destroyed.
- Manual collection and killing of beetles with hand nets may help in reducing the population of the pest.
- Spray endosulfan 1.0 L or lambda-cyhalothrin 2.5 EC 500 ml / EC 250 ml in 500 L water/ha
11.Grasshopper
Zoological Name:- Hieroglyphus banian
Damage symptoms– The nymphs and adults by chewing and cutting various plant portion. They completely defoliate the plants leaving only the mid ribs and the plant growth is affected.
Management
- Expose the eggs to be picked up by birds after ploughing and trimming the bunds
- Egg parasitoids Cacallus spp., Barycomus spp. and Seelio spp., should be encouraged.
- Dust the crop with 5-10% BHC (or) methyl parathion 2% or lindane 2 D 25-30 kg/ha (or) malathion 5 D 20 kg/ha
- Spray dichlorvos 76 EC 500 ml/ha (or) malathion 50 EC 2.5 lit/h
12.Rice root weevil
Zoological Name:- Echinocnemus oryzae
Damage symptoms– Grubs feed on the roots of rice plants resulting in stunting and non formation of tillers. Presence of dead plants in large patches is a typical symptom.
Earhead stink bug/Shield bug/Red spotted bug: Menida histrio
Damage symptoms– Both nymphs and adults suck the ear heads and cause individual grains chaffy.
13.Rice striped bug
Zoological Name:- Tetroda histeroides
Damage symptoms- The nymphs and adults suck the sap from the stem and cause stunting and yellowing of tillers. Adult is brown with a prominent “V” shaped mark on its back. It lays cylindrical eggs in rows on the under surface of the leaves
14.White rice leafhopper
Zoological Name:- Cofana spectra
Damage symptoms– Nymphs and adults suck the sap causing yellowing of leaves and stunting of tillers. Nymphs are elongate and pale green coloured. Adults are white in colour, They are the biggest of rice hoppers
15.Blue rice leafhopper
Zoological Name:- Empoascanara maculifrons
Damage symptoms- Nymphs and adults suck the sap of the leaves and cause “hopper burn” in the seedlings in the form of whitish waxy lines on the leaf blades in the initial stage of attack and subsequent drying. Small blue leafhoppers with yellowish vertex having a black patch in the middle of pronotum
16. Zigzag striped leafhopper
Zoological Name:- Recilia dorsalis
Damage symptoms– Both nymphs and adults suck plant sap and cause tip drying and orange discoloration of both margins of leaves. Adults have white fore wings with pale brown bands forming the shape of W.
Rice Crop Pests and Their Management
Q.1 Terminal rolling and drying of leaves from tip to base in both rice nursery and mainfield.
- Thrips
- GLH
- WBPH
- BPH
Q.2 ___ acts as a vector for rice tungro virus?
- Nephotettix nigropictus
- Nilaparvata lugens
- Cofana spectra
- Empoascanara maculifrons
Q.3 ETL for GLH in tungro endemic area?
- 2 Nos/ hill
- 5 Nos / hill
- 10 Nos / hill
- 60 Nos / hill
Q.4 Alternate host of Stenchaetothrips biformis is?
- Phaspalum scrobiculatum
- Cyanodan dactylon
- Panicum sp
- Echinochloa sp.
Q.5 Which of the following is white leaf hopper?
- Nephotettix nigropictus
- Cofana spectra
- Empoascanara maculifrons
- Nilaparvata lugens
Q.6 Which of the following is blue rice leaf hopper?
- Nephotettix nigropictus
- Cofana spectra
- Empoascanara maculifrons
- Nilaparvata lugens
Q.7 Hopper burn’ is the symptom of____ pest in rice?
- Nephotettix nigropictus
- Sogatella furcifera
- Nilaparvata lugens
- all the above
Q.8 Tip drying and orange discoloration of rice leaves is typical symptom of?
- Nephotettix nigropictus
- Recilia dorsalis
- Empoascanara maculifrons
- Nilaparvata lugens
Q.9 Which of the following pest causes damage to the grain at milky stage?
- Earhead bug
- Mealy bug
- Black bug
- Stink bug
Q.10 —-act as a vector ragged stunt and wilted stunt?
- Nephotettix nigropictus
- Empoascanara maculifrons
- Nilaparvata lugens
- Cofana spectra
Q.11 ——act as a vector for transitory yellowing diseases?
- Nephotettix nigropictus
- Cofana spectra
- Empoascanara maculifrons
- Nilaparvata lugens
Q.12 Zigzag striped leafhopper belongs to____ family?
- Alydidae
- Pentatomidae
- Cicadellidae
- Delphacidae
Q.13 Rice black bug belongs to____ family?
- Alydidae
- Pentatomidae
- Podopidae
- Delphacidae
Q.14 Alternate wetting and drying is a good management technique for controlling?
- BLH
- GLH
- WBPH
- BPH
Q.15 Rice earhead bug belongs to ___ family?
- Alydidae
- Pentatomidae
- Podopidae
- Delphacidae
Q.16 Paddy stem borer belongs to ____ family?
- Pyralidae
- Hesperiidae
- Cecidomyiidae
- Pyraustidae
Q.17 ‘White ear’ in rice is due to____ attack?
- Stem borer
- Leaf folder
- Swarming caterpillar
- case worm
Q.18 Gall midge belongs to ________ family?
- Pyralidae
- Hesperiidae
- Cecidomyiidae
- Pyraustidae
Q.19 ‘Silver shoot’ in rice is due to__ attack?
- Stem borer
- Leaf folder
- Gall midge
- case worm
Q.20 Flating of tubular cases in rice field is due to ___ pest?
- Orseolia oryzae
- Nymphula depunctalis
- Spodoptera mauritia
- Scirpophaga incertulas
Q.21 Alternate host of rice skipper (Pelopidas mathias) is?
- Potato
- Sugarcane
- Maize
- Wheat
Q.22 Backward rolling of leaves is the typical symptom of?
- Orseolia oryzae
- Scirpophaga incertulas
- Pelopidas mathias
- Nymphula depunctalis
Q.23 Alternate host of Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (leaf folder) is?
- pulses
- grasses
- maize
- wheat
Q.24 Alternat host of Melanitis ismene is?
- millets
- pulses
- sugarcane
- castor
Q.25 Scorching symptom of the entire rice field is due to?
- Cnaphalocrocis medinalis
- Scirpophaga incertulas
- Pelopidas mathias
- Nymphula depunctalis
Q.25 Alternate host of Yellow hairy caterpillar is?
- millets
- pulses
- sugarcane
- wheat
Q.26 Which of the following pest causes onion needle or silver shoot symptoms in rice?
- Nephotettix nigropictus
- Cofana spectra
- Orseolia oryzae
- Hydrellia philipiana
Q.27 Irregular feeding of rice foliage is caused by?
- Army worm
- Green beetle
- Spiny beetle
- Grass hopper
Q.28Presence of dead plants in patches is the symptom of ?
- Altica cyanea
- Leptisma pygmaea
- Echinocnemus oryzae
- Hydronomidus molitar
Q.29 Cutting of seedling tip before transplanting is a good management technique for controlling?
- Stem borer
- Leaf folder
- Mealy bug
- Grasshopper
Q.30 Passing of rope over the crop is done to dislodge the following pest?
- Leaf folder
- Caseworm
- Mealy bug
- Grasshopper
Q.31 Judicious application of fertilizer is done to minimize—- damage in rice?
- Leaf folder
- GLH
- Caseworm
- BPH
Q.32 ‘White ear’ in rice is due to ____ attack?
- Stem borer
- Leaf folder
- Swarming caterpillar
- case worm
Q.33 Floating of tubular cases in rice field is due to___ pest?
- Orseolia oryzae
- Nymphula depunctalis
- Spodoptera mauritia
- Scirpophaga incertulas
Q.34 Alternate host of rice skipper (Pelopidas mathias) is?
- Potato
- Sugarcane
- Maize
- Wheat
Q.35 Backward rolling of leaves is the typical symptom of?
- Orseolia oryzae
- Scirpophaga incertulas
- Pelopidas mathias
- Nymphula depunctalis
Q.36 Alternatehost of Melanitis ismene is?
- millets
- pulses
- sugarcane
- castor
Q.37 Alternate host of Yellow hairy caterpillar is?
- millets
- pulses
- sugarcane
- wheat
Rice Crop Pests and Their Management
| Question | Answer |
| ETL for rice earhead bug in milky stage? | 16 bugs/100 panicles or 3 bugs/hill. |
| Use of synthetic pyrethroids may cause resurgence of sucking pest in? | Rice |
| Green mirid bug which feeds on BPH? | Cyrtorhinus lividipennis |
| Gall formation is nothing but modification of? | sheath Leaf |
| Write the scientific name of green horned caterpillar is? | Melanitis leda ismene |
| Which egg Parasitoid can be released against rice stem borer? | Trichogramma japonicum |
| Which egg parasitoid can be released against rice stem borer? | Trichogramma chilonis |
| Write the scientific name of rice crab? | Paratelphusa hydrodromus |
| Write the scientific name of rice mite | Oligonychous oryzae |
| Trimming of bunds is recommended for the control of? | Grasshopper |
Rice Crop Pests and Their Management
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Answer to the 11th question is Nephotettix nigropictus