Insect Orders Important Study Table (7)

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Insect Orders Important Study Point

Insect Orders Important Study Point

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 1.Some Features About Insect Order Orthoptera 
Some Features About Order Orthoptera
Order Orthoptera
Family  Acrididae
Synonyms of Orthoptera Saltatoria, Saltatoptera
Examples of Orthoptera Grasshoppers, Locust, Katydid, Cricket, Mole cricket
Etymology
Ortno means Straight
Ptera means Wings
Characters Of Orthoptera
  • Antenna is Filiform.
  • Mouthparts are mandibulate.
  • Hindlegs are Saltatorial
  • Forewings are leathery, thickened and known as Tegmina.
  • Cerci are short and unsegmented.
  • Ovipositor is well developed in female.
  • Metamorphosis is gradual. In many Orthopterans the newly hatched first instar nymphs are covered by loose cuticle and are called Pronymphs.
  • Specialized stridulatory (sound-producing) and auditory (hearing) organs are present.
Orthoptera order is sub divided into two suborders
  1. Caelifera
  2. Ensifera.
Sub order : Caelifera
Family Acrididae
Examples of Acrididae Locusts, Grasshoppers
Characters of Acrididae
  • Antenna is short
  • Tarsus is three segmented
Sub order : Ensifera
1. Family Tettigonidae 
Examples of Tettigonidae  Katydids, Long horned grasshoppers
Characters of Tettigonidae 
  • Antenna is long, slender as long as or longer than the body.
  • Tarsus is four segmented.
  • Ovipositor is Sword like.
  • Sound production is Alary type.
  • A thick region on the hind margin of the forewing (scraper) is rubbed against a row of teeth on the stridulatory vein (file) present on the ventral side of another forewing which throws the resonant area on the wing (mirrors) into vibrations to produce sound.
2. Family Gryllidae
Examples of Gryllidae Cricket
Characters of Gryllidae
  • Antenna is long.
  • Tarsus is four segmented.
  • Ovipositor is Slender and needle like.
  • Auditory organs and stridulatory organs are similar to long horned grasshopper. Males stridulate during night. They produce a Shrill chirping noise.
  • Gryllus sp. It is Household pest.
3.Family Gryllotalpidae
Examples of Gryllotalpidae Mole crickets
Characters of Gryllotalpidae
  • Forelegs are Fossorial.
  • Hindwings are extended beyond the tegima as a pair of processes
  • Special stridilatory structures are absent. A humming sound is produced by rubbing the forewings.
  • Ovipositor is Vestigeal.
  • Mole crickets burrow into the soil and feed on tender roots of growing plants.
  • Gryllotalpa africana is a pest on stored potatoes.
 
 
 2.Some Features About Insect Order Dictyoptera 
Some Features About Order Dictyoptera 
Family Mantidae
Synonyms Oothecaria, Blattiformia
Examples Cockroaches and preying mantids.
Etymology
Dictyon means
 Net work
Ptera means Wings
Characters
  • Head is Hypognathous.
  • Antenna is filiform.
  • Mouthparts are Chewing type.
  • Tarsus is five segmented.
  • Eggs are contained in an Ootheca.
Dictyoptera is divided into two suborders
Suborders Examples
Blattaria Cockroaches
Mantodea Preying mantids
 
 3.Some Features About Insect Order Odonata 
Some Features About Order Odonata
Etymology
Odon means
 Tooth
Examples Dragonflies and damselflies
Characters
  • Metamorphosis is incomplete with three life stages.
  • The naiad/nymph is aquatic.
  • Labium is greatly elongated, jointed and bears two hooks at apex. It is called mask. It is useful to capture the prey.
  • Three ocelli are present
  • Mouthparts are adapted for biting.
  • Wings are either equal or sub equal, membraneous
  • Venation is net work like with many cross veins.
Importance
  • Adults are aerial predator.
  • They are able to catchhold and devour the prey in flight.
  • Nymphs are aquatic predators.
Suborders Examples
Anisoptera Dragonflies
Zygoptera Damselflies
 
 
 4.Some Features About Insect Order Isoptera 
Some Features About Order Isoptera
Family
 Termitidae
Examples Termites
Etymology
Iso means
 Equal
Ptera means
 Wings
Characters
  • Pale, elongate bodies, and are sometimes called “White ants.” 
  • Reproductive individuals have two pairs of membranous wings, all of equal length.
  • Termites shed their wings after mating.
  • Termites have Chewing mouthparts.
Physical Features Of Termitidae
Immatures (Workers & Soldiers)  Adults (Reproductives)
Body pale in color, somewhat ant-like in appearance but with a broader junction between thorax and abdomen Body may be darkly pigmented 
Compound eyes small or absent. Compound eyes present 
Head large and cylindrical or small and round  Head well-developed
Mouthparts chewing; sometimes with large mandibles.
Chewing 
mouthparts
Antennae beaded 
Antennae beaded 
 
 
 5.Some Features About Insect Order Thysanoptera 
Some Features About Order Thysanoptera
Family Thripidae
Synonyms Physopoda
Examples Thrips
Etymology
Thysano means
 Fringe
Ptera means Wings
Characters
  • Mouthparts are rasping and sucking.
  • Right mandible is absent. Hence mouthparts are asymmetrical.
  • They are weak fliers and passive flight in wind is common.
  • They suck the plant sap.
  • Some are vectors of plant diseases. Example:- Groundnut bud necrosis & Chilli leaf curl is transmitted by Thrips.
  • Few are predators
  • Rice thrips: Stenchaetothrips biformis is a pest in rice nursery.
 
 
 6.Some Features About Insect Order Hemiptera 
Some Features About Order Hemiptera
Some Family Pentatomidae, Coreidae, Pyrrhocoridae, Lygaeidae
Synonyms Rhynchota
Examples True bugs
Etymology
Hemi means
 Half
Ptera means Wings
Characters
  • Head is opisthognathous.
  • Mouthparts are piercing and sucking type.
  • Mesothorax is represented dorsally by scutellum.
  • Cerci are always absent.
  • Metamorphosis usually gradual; rarely complete.
  • Alimentary canal is suitably modified to handle liquid food. (filter chamber)
There are two suboders
Both terrestrial and aquatic. Terrestrial
Repungnatorial or odori- ferous or scent glands present.
 Wax glands usually present.
1.Heteroptera
Hetero means Different
Ptera means Wings
2.Homoptera
Homo means Uniform
Ptera means Wings
Difference between Heteroptera & Homoptera
Heteroptera Homoptera
Honey dew secretion uncommon  Honey dew secretion common
Herbivorous, predaceous or blood sucking.
 Herbivorous
Important Families Of Heteroptera
Miridae
Example Plant bug, Leaf bug
Tea musquito bug Helopeltis antonii causes cankerous wart like growth on guava fruits.
Tingidae
Example Lacewing bugs
Characters
  • Both nymphs and adults are found on the undersurface of the leaves in groups, suck the sap and produce white spotted apperance on the leaf.
  • They secrete honey dew.
  • Example:- Banana lecewing bug Stephanitis typicus.
Coreidae
Example Squash bugs or leaf footed bugs
Characters
Pod bug, Riptortus pedestris nymphs and adults suck the sap from pods of pulses.
Pentatomidae
Example Stink bugs or Shield bugs
Characters
Green stink bug Nezara viridula is a pest on millets
Important Families Of Homoptera
Cicadellidae
Example Leaf hoppers or Jassids
Characters
  • They suck the plant sap and transmit diseases.
  • Such as- Green leaf hopper Nephotettix virescens transmits tungro disease in rice.
Delphacide
Example Plant hoppers
Characters
  • Large mobile flattened spur is present at the apex of hind tibia
  • Brown plant hopper Nilaparvata lugens causes hopper burn, transmits viral diseaes (Grassy stunt disease) in rice.
Lophopidae
Example  Sugarcane leaf hopper
Characters
Sugarcane leaf hopper Pyrilla perpusilla nymphs and adults suck the sap and reduce the quality and quantity of cane juice.
Aleyrodidae
Example Whiteflies
Characters
  • Minute insects which superficially resemble tiny moths.
  • Wings are opaque and dusted with mealy white powdery wax.
  • Wing venation is much reduced.
  • Cotton whitefly Bemisia tabaci transmits vein clearing disease in bhendi.
Aphididae
Example Aphids or Plant lice or Greenflies
Characters
  • Body is pear shaped.
  • A pair of cornicles or siphonculi or wax tubes is present in the dorsum of fifth or sixth abdominal segments which secretes wax like substance.
  • They excrete copious amount of honey dew on which ants feed and sooty mould fungus grows.
  • Aphids are known for their extraordinary fecundity, short life cycle and parthenogenitic reproduction. 
  • They feed on plant sap and disseminate plant diseases.
     
  • Cotton aphid Aphis gossypii.
Diaspididae
Example Armoured scale
Characters 
  • Adult female lacks antennae, legs, and wings.
  • Coconut scale Aspidiotus destructor.
Kerridae
Example Lac insect
Characters
  • Lac insect Laccifer lacca.
  • Dermal gland secretions of this insect provides the sticklac
Pseudococcidae
Example Mealy bugs
Characters 
  • Wings are absent.
  • Coconut mealy bug, Pseudococcus longispinus.
 
 
 7.Some Features About Insect Order Neuroptera 
Some Features About Order Neuroptera
Family Chrysopidae
Examples
Lace wings, Ant lions, Mantispidflies, Owlflies.
Etymology
Neuro means
 Nerve
Ptera means Wings
Characters
  • Antenna is filiform, with or without a terminal club.
  • Mouthparts are chewing type in adults
  • Pupation takes place in a silken cocoon.
  • Six out of eight Malpighian tubules are modified as silk glands.
  • They spin the cocoons through anal spinnerets

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