Farm Machinery & Sowing Equipment Study Content

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Farm Machinery & Sowing Equipment Study Content

1.Automated protray sowing machine

Function	The main function is to automating all the steps involved in the Sowing of seeds in protrays
Specification
Type	Power operated
Capacity	About 80 sown trays can be prepared in an hour
Cost of the Unit	Rs. 30,000/-Aprox.
Cost of Operation	Rs 350/ day for sowing 600 trays /day
General Information	The protrays once fed on the conveyor are automatically filled with growth media, compacted sown, topped up with media and passed out to the other side of the conveyer, thus fully automating the
Sailent Features	The machine is able to provide above 100 per cent saving in cost over the cumbersome method of manual sowing as being practiced now.

2.Tractor drawn pulse seeder

Function	The main function is to sow pulse seeds by optimizing seed quantity
Specification
Type	Tractor operated
Capacity	1 ha per day
General Information	The tractor drawn pulse seeder results in 50.0 and 21.4 % saving in seed rate when compared with the existing inclined plate seeder and conventional method respectively
Sailent Features	There was uniform hill to hill spacing closer to the recommended level of 10 cm

3.Manually Operated Line Marker (Pulses)

Total Weight	6 Kg
Bottom Rod (“L” Angle)	1.5 m
Spacing	15 cm to 150 cm
Marking Tyne Length	22.5 cm
Handle Rod Length	1.5 m (Similar to Cono weeder)
Salient Features
Easy to operate Mechanisation Non availability of Labourers Adjustable Spacing – starting from 15 cm to 150 cm Reduced seed rate Suitable for small and marginal farmers Reduced cost of cultivation Optimum plant population Easy for inter cultural operation (Weeding, Spraying) Economically Viable Cost of the implement is Rs. 650 – 700/- only

4.Broadcaster

Function	To broadcast seeds and fertilizers.
Specification
Type	Manually operated
Power requirement	One labour
Overall dimensions	360 x 510 x 420 mm
Weight	3.6 kg
Capacity	4 ha / day
Cost of the unit	Rs. 3,000/-
General Information
The centrifugal type unit that is hung in front of the operator is used to broadcast seeds and granular fertilizers by rotating the handle. The material is put in the hopper in batches of 3 to 5 kg and the operator has to walk while rotating the handle. The material is spread over a 3.5 to 10 m width.
Salient features
Suitable for broad casting small seeds like sesame, sorghum, etc. Large area can be sown in less time. Uniform distribution of seeds.

5.Gorru

Function	Line sowing and fertilizer application for crops like groundnut, sorghum, cowpea, bengal gram, green gram, black gram, etc. in three rows simultaneously.
Specification
Type	Bullock drawn implement
Power requirement	A pair of bullocks, an operator and two persons
Overall dimensions	1080 x 1180 x 925 mm
Weight	45 kg
Capacity	1 ha / day
Cost of the unit	Rs. 4,000/-
Cost of operation	Rs. 190 / ha
General Information
The gorru consists of a simple frame on which hitch bracket, handle, furrow openers and furrow closure are mounted. The furrow openers are very similar to country plough having adjustable / replaceable share points. A square bar provided at the rear covers the seed which can be easily lifted by means of a rope when clods or trashes are accumulated. Two bowls each having three holes are mounted at a convenient height for manually metering the seeds and fertilizers respectively. The three holes of the each bowl are connected to the three furrow openers by plastic pipes. Provision is made in the furrow openers to place the seed and fertilizer side by side and at different depths. The seed and fertilizer rates and their uniformity in the rows depend mainly on the skill of the operators. Three persons are required, one to operate the unit, one to meter the fertilizer and the other to meter the seeds.
Salient features	As it is provided with three furrow openers similar to country plough, the coverage is about 3 times more comparing with the country plough.

Farm Machinery & Sowing Equipment Study Content

6.Bullock Drawn Seed Planter

Function	Line sowing of crops like groundnut, sorghum, cowpea, Bengal gram, green gram, black gram, etc. in three rows simultaneously.
Specification
Type	Bullock drawn implement
Power requirement	A pair of bullocks
Overall dimensions	1080 x 1180 x 925 mm
Weight	65 kg
Capacity	1 ha / day
Cost of the unit	Rs. 8,000/-
General Information
The unit consists of a simple frame on which a seed box, hitch brackets, handle , clutch mechanism and furrow closer are mounted. The entire units is mounted on two wheels. The furrow opener is similar to country plough in which adjustable/ replaceable share is provided. The provision of cup feed mechanism facilities metering of seeds without breakage. The power to operate the seed metering mechanism is taken from the ground wheel through clutch. The provision of clutch facilitates to stopping the seed dropping at head lands. A square bar is provided at the rear to cover the seeds.
Salient features	The seed to seed distance in a row can be adjusted & By changing the size of the cup different crops/ varieties of seed can be sown.

7.Power Tiller Drawn Cup Feed Seeder

Function	To sow seeds like groundnut, maize, sorghum and pulses.
Specification
Type	Power tiller drawn
Power requirement	10 – 12 hp
No. of rows	4
Row spacing	25 – 60 cm (adjustable)
Cost of the unit	Rs. 20,000/-
General Information
The attachment consists of seed box with cup feed metering mechanism, lifting arrangement, seed cut of clutch, tool bar, hoe type furrow openers and seating attachment, all mounted on an easily detachable articulated double wheeled frame. The cup feed seed mechanism is driven by chain and sprocket from the tail wheel. The lifting of tool bar disengages the clutch transmitting power to the seed metering shaft The spacing between furrow openers and the depth of sowing are easily adjustable.
Salient features
Suited for all the makes of 10-12hp power tiller Coverage is 0.2ha per hour

8.Tractor Drawn Cultivator Seed Planter

Function	For sowing groundnut and other seeds
Specification
Type	Tractor mounted
Overall dimensions	2500 x 1030 x 1240 mm
Weight	410 kg
Power requirement	35 hp tractor
Coverage	4.0 ha per day
No. of rows	9
Row & Hill spacing	Adjustable
Cost of the unit	Rs. 45,000/-
Cost of operation	Rs. 250/ha (Rs. 350/ha for conventional method)
General Information
Seed box along with cup feed type seed metering mechanism is mounted on the cultivator frame and the seeds are dropped in the furrows opened by the cultivator shovels. Side wings are provided to the shovels for proper placement of seeds at the required depth. Power to operate the seed metering discs is taken from the ground wheel through a clutch. A square bar is provided at the rear to close the seeds in the furrows. The seed to seed distance can be changed by changing the sprockets provided in the metering shaft. The operator can stop seed dropping by disengaging the clutch provided. Highly suitable for sowing groundnut with out damage to kernels.
Salient features
Suitable for sowing groundnut, bengal gram, maize, sorghum, soybean and pulses in larger areas in short time before the soil moisture gets depleted The break even point is 9.65 ha / year.

9.Tractor Drawn Ridger Seeder

Function	For ridge forming and sowing simultaneously
Specification
Type	Tractor mounted
Overall dimensions	2400 x 1750 x 1100 mm
Weight	300 kg
Power requirement	35 hp tractor
Capacity	0. 40 ha per hr
General Information
The unit consists of a tilling mechanism having 6 numbers of cultivator tynes with shovels, a ridging mechanism having 3 numbers of adjustable ridgers and a planter having seed hopper with cup feed seed metering device for seed, ground wheel, transmission system and row markers. Separate furrow openers and closers are eliminated in this unit. By fixing the ridger bottoms and cultivator tynes to the appropriate holes provided in the main frame, the row spacing can be altered. The plant spacing can be varied by changing the sprockets or the number of cups in the seed metering disc. The desired depth of seed placement can be obtained by moving the seed tube.

10.Basin Lister cum Seeder

Function	To form intermittent basins in dry land for moisture conservation and simultaneous sowing.
Specification
Type	Tractor mounted
Power requirement	35 hp tractor
Overall dimensions	2320 x 1930 x 1140 mm
Weight	500 kg
Cost of the unit	Rs. 50,000/-
General Information
The basin lister consists of three trenchers of width 30 cm, cams, cam shaft, cam follower, ground wheels and frame. Each trencher fitted with a cam follower gets lifted up by the cams at equal intervals. The cams are mounted on a common axle at 120 degree difference and supported by ground wheels. The power to rotate the cam is transmitted from one of the ground wheels. The basin lister unit is attached to the standard nine tyned cultivator. The seed box along with cup feed type seed metering mechanism is mounted on the cultivator frame and the seeds are dropped in between the basins. Seeds are sown in 4 rows at 45 cm apart. The same implement can be used to form broad beds separated by furrows by removing the basin lister attachment from the cultivator.
Salient features
Increased moisture retention of 10 per cent is achieved Significant increase in crop yield is observed Results in 32, 96and 18 per cent saving in cost, time and energy respectively when compared to conventional method. An area of 3.5 ha can be covered per day

Farm Machinery & Sowing Equipment Study Content

11.Power Tiller Operated Air Assisted Seed Drill

Function	For sowing small seeds like sesame, cumbu, horsegram and sorghum
Specification
Type	Power tiller mounted implement
Power Requirment	8 to10 hp Power tiller
Capacity	2 to 2.5 ha/day
Cost of the Unit(Approx)	Rs.20,000/-
Cost of operation	Rs.100/hr
Sailent Features
Spacing between the rows can be adjusted from 30 to 60 cm. Suitable for all makes of 10 to 12 hp power tiller. Savings in time: 80% Savings in sowing cost: 50%

12.Tracter drawn Air Assisted Seed Drill

Function	To drill small seeded crops like, sesame, ragi, maize.
Specification
Type	Tractor mounted
Power Requirment	35 – 45 Hp tractor (PTO operated )
Capacity	5 ha per day
Cost of the Unit(Approx)	Rs.35,000/-
Cost of operation	Rs.150/hr
Saving cost	55%
Saving in time	92 %
General Information
The unit consists of an air blower and drive, seed hopper and feeding device, seed distributor head, seed tubes, furrow opener ground wheel and furrow closer. The above components mounted on a 9 tyne cultivator. Blower is used to blow air through a vertical distributor tube to the distributor head. Seed is metered by the ground wheel into the air stream in controlled manner. The stream of seed is distributed to the 9 furrow openers by the distributor head. This ensures uniform drilling of fine seeds.

13.Improved Direct Paddy Seeder

Function	For uniform seed distribution with respect to time and for maintaining uniform plant population per metre square
Specification
Type	Manually operated
Power requirement	35 hp tractor
Overall dimensions	2000 x 1500 x 640 mm
Weight	10 kg
Coverage, ha per day	1.1
Cost of the unit	Rs. 4800/-
General Information
The unit consists of a seed drum, main shaft, ground wheel, floats, furrow openers and handle. ]The seed drum is hyperboloid shape (truncated cone) with 200 mm diameter having 12 mm flat spikes of 25 mm length kept parallel to the axis of rotation. The slopes of the cone facilitate the free flow of seeds towards the metering holes. Nine numbers of seed metering hole of 10 mm diameter were provided along the circumference of the drum at both the ends at a row-to-row spacing of 200 mm. Two floats were provided on either side to restrict the sinkage and to facilitate easy pulling of the unit.
Salient features
Uniformity in seed sowing and plant population. Reduction in seed rate and the cost of thinning is reduced. Hill dropping of seeds is achieved and continuous drilling is eliminated.

14.Rice Cum Daincha Seeder

Function	It sows paddy in 3 rows and green manure in 3 rows simultaneously.
Specification
Type	Manually operated
Overall dimensions	1650 x 1600 x 690 mm
Weight	15 kg
Coverage, ha per day	0.8 ha per day
Cost of the unit	Rs. 6000/-
General Information
The seeder has two drum hoppers , two skids, a ground wheel and a handle. Paddy seed rate can be adjusted from 72 – 75 kg per ha. The seeder simultaneously sows pre germinated paddy seeds and daincha seeds in alternate rows and puddled soil. The advantage of this seeder is avoidance of separate cultivation of green manure crop.
Salient features
Uniformity in seed sowing and plant population Reduction in seed rate and the cost of thinning is reduced Hill dropping of seeds is achieved and continuous drilling is eliminated. Growth of competitive weeds is checked due to green manure crop.

Farm Machinery & Sowing Equipment Study Content

15.Rice Transplanter

Function	It sows paddy in 3 rows and green manure in 3 rows simultaneously.
Specification
Type	Manually operated
Power requirement	One operator and one labour to transport mat seedlings
Overall dimensions	1230 x 1250 x 835 mm
Weight	17 kg
Coverage, ha per day	0.25 ha / day
Cost of the unit	Rs. 7500/-
General Information
The machine consists of a seedling tray, forks, handle and skids. By pressing the handle, the forks pick-up the seedlings and plant them in 6 rows. For every stroke of the handle the seedling tray moves side wards for uniform picking of seedlings by the forks. The operator has to pull the machine while punching the handle at the desired spacing. The Row to row spacing is 200 mm.
Salient features
Planting can be done in 6 rows at a time.

16.Seed cum Fertilizer Drill for Paddy

Function	For direct sowing of paddy and simultaneous application of fertilizer
Specification
Type	Mounted implement
Power requirement	35 – 45 hp tractor
Capacity	3 ha/day
Cost of the unit (Approx)	Rs.45000/-
Salient features
The seed rate and fertilizer rate can be adjusted Can be operated by a 35 HP tractor By applying the required quantity of fertilizer at root zone, better crop growth and more yields is obtained. Saving in cost:65% Saving in labour:84% Cost of operation: Rs.800 / ha

17.Sugarcane Sett Cutter

Function	For cutting sugarcane sett with single bud
Specification
Type	Motor operated
Capacity	One sett / second
Cost of the unit (Approx)	Rs.2,750/-
Salient features
Reduce the cost of seed cane Additional income jaggery production from the budless internodes Saving in cost: 45% Saving in time: 70% Cost of operation: Rs.240 / ha

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