Definition:- Animal Husbandry
Important Definition:- Animal Husbandry
| Atavism | The reappearance of a character after it has not appeared for one or more generation. |
| Anoestrous | Means absence of oestrus |
| Abeolus | A very small structure found in the mammary gland, almost spherical in shape, lined with a single layer of epithelial cells,in which milk is manufactured by the female. |
| Albinism | Absence of pigment in skin, hair and eyes of an animal |
| Anorexia | Lack of appetite |
| Androgen | A male hormone that controls sexual activity in vertebrate animals. |
| Autopsy/post- mortem | An autopsy is a surgical procedure that consists of a thorough examination of a corpse by dissection to determine the cause, mode and manner of death or to evaluate any disease or injury that may be present for research or educational purposes |
| Avian Influenza /Bird flu | Caused by A virus of the family orthomyxoviridae. The virus has two sub-types H5N1 and H9N2, the former is serious in south-east Asia. |
| Artificial Insemination | The process of deposition of spermatozoa in the female reproductive organ by instruments other than by male genitalia at proper place and time. |
| Breed | It is group of animal that are result of breeding & selection have certain distinguishable characteristics. |
| Bomb calorimeter | An apparatus used to measure the heat of combustion of feeds, or faeces. |
| Faeces | Faeces are the solid or semisolid remains of food that could not be digested in the small intestine. |
| Browse | Feed taken from trees and shrubs (including leaves, twigs and bark) |
| Balanced ration | A ration which provides the essential nutrients to the animal in such a proportion and amount that is required for the proper nourishment of the particular animal for 24 hours. |
| Buller/ nymphomaniac | A female animal or a cow who apparently remains always in heat. |
| Bull index/sire index | A measure of inheritance of milk and/ or milk nutrient production that a bull tends to transmit to his daughters. |
| Brood | A group of chicks of same age raised in one batch is called as a brood. |
| Brooder | A device for providing artificial heat to the chicks. |
| Brooding | The process of rearing the young chick from day old stage to 4 to 6 weeks of age during which heat is to be provided. |
| Broiler | They are the hybrid chicks having rapid growth and attaining about 1.5 kg weight during the period of 6 weeks of age. Sold for table purpose within 8 to 10 weeks of age. |
| Broody | A hen which has stopped laying eggs temporarily. |
Important Definition:- Animal Husbandry
| Clipping | It is the process of cutting the overgrown body hairs with the help of hair clippers |
| Card/Crit/Runt | The last young one of a sow to be farrowed. |
| Cryptorchidism | The failure of testes to descend fully into the scrotum. If one testis is in scrotal position the male is usually fertile but if both are retained in the abdominal cavity sterility usually reported. |
| Culling | The process of removing unwanted animals from a population |
| Colostrum | Colostrum is the first milk of a female animal immediately after parturition. |
| Conception | The successful union of male and female gametes & implantation of zygote is known as conception. |
| Calf starter | A dry concentrate feed especially formulated for use with young calves from birth to 3 or 4 months of age. |
| Clutch | The number of eggs laid by a bird on consecutive days. A clutch of 3-4 eggs is preferred . |
| Castration | Removal of testicles to prevent breeding |
| Calving interval | The period between two successive calving is calving interval. |
| Docking | To remove the whole or part of tail |
| Dehorning | Removal of horn from grown animals |
| Dipping | It is the process of offering a bath with a mild parasitical drugs/chemical in a specially prepared tank |
| Dry period | The period after lactation in which the animal does not produce milk. |
| Drying off | It is the process of drying a lactating (pregnant cow dry) |
| Dystocia | Abnormal or difficult labour at parturition, causing difficulty in delivering the foetus and placenta. |
| Estrous cycle | The period from one estrus or heat period, to the next. |
| Free martin | When a female calf is born as a twin to a male calf, a sterile female is known as free Martin. |
| Oestrus /Heat | It is the period of intense sexual desire or sexual excitement experienced by female |
| Flushing | The feeding of extra rations to the pre-pregnant animals in order to encourage her to produce a multiplicity of eggs |
| Fecundity | It is the potential capacity of the female to produce functional ova regards of what happens to them after they are produced. |
Important Definition:- Animal Husbandry
| Grooming | It is the careful brushing and combing of body hair coat. |
| Gimmer | Female sheep between first and second shearing.(6 month age) |
| Gestation | It is the condition of female when developing foetus is present in the uterus. |
| Gestation period | The period from the date of service (actual conception) to the date of parturition is termed as parturition period or pregnancy period. |
| Branding | It is the method of imprinting number or any identification mark on the skin of animal by hot iron, chemical or coolant. |
| Tattooing | It is the process of puncturing desired number or letter on the inside skin of ear with the help of tattoo forceps and then rubbing tattooing ink on the punctures. |
| Tagging | It is method of fixing tag to the ear/ neck of the animals |
| Ear notching | It is the method of making ‘U’ shape cuts/notches at specifc places along the borders of ear with the help of scissors or pincers. |
| Pullet | A young female chicken from 9 to 20 weeks of age. |
| Cockerel | A young male chicken from 5 to 8 months of age. |
| Grower | A young chick of 9″ to 20 week of age of either sex. |
| Day old chick | Hatched out chick is called as day old chick |
| Mastectomy | Removal of the mammary gland. |
| Mohair | The wool of Angora goat is called mohair |
| Pashmina | The undercoat of Kashmiri goat |
| Pelt | It is defined as removal of skin from day old lamb after slaughter |
| Non-descript | An animal of inferior quality that can not be identified as belonging to an specific breed. |
| Lactation period | The period after parturition in which the animal produces milk. |
| Layer | An egg laying female chicken up to one year after starting the laying of eggs. |
| Toned milk | Toned milk is a method developed in India, of treating buffalo milk by adding skim milk, powdered skim milk and water to buffalo milk. This process decreases the fat content, increases the quantity of available milk, and ‘tones up’ the nonfat solids level to the original amount. Buffalo milk has a fat content of about 7-8%, and a nonfat solids content of 9-10%. By reducing the fat content to 3% through the toning process, the available milk quantity is nearly tripled. |
| Double-toned milk | Double-toned milk is a similar product, where the fat content of the milk is reduced to 1.5% and the nonfat solids content increased to 10%. This product is produced by UNICEF for free distribution to homeless youth and low-income families. Unlike single toned milk, double-toned milk is always pasteurized. |
Important Definition:- Animal Husbandry
| Parturition | The act of giving birth to young one is called parturition. |
| Putrefaction | The decomposition of proteins by microorganisms under anaerobic condition. |
| Parous | A term referring to females having produced one or more young. |
| Prolificacy | Ability to produce large number of off springs. The animal is said to be prolific. |
| Sterility | Inability to produce any offspring |
| Steer | The male cattle that is castrated when he is still a calf or before the development of sexual maturity is called steer. |
| Service | The process in which mature male covers the female i.e. in heat with the object to deposit spermatozoa in the female genital tract is called service. |
| Steaming up | Extra allowance of concentrate mixture fed to cow during last quarter of pregnancy is called as steaming up |
| Species | A group of individuals which have certain common characteristics that distinguish them from other group of individuals |
| Shearing | Shearing is nothing but clipping of wool and mohair from sheep and goat respectively |
| Seggy | Ram castrated after giving service. |
| super-ovulation | The production by the ovaries of more than the usual number of egg at the time of estrus, usually induced by hormone treatment |
| Open animal | A female animal that has not been breed |
| Teaser | A vasectomized (castrated) bull used to detect the heat or estrus of female (cow). |
| Vegetarian egg | Egg produced without fertilization, have a longer shelf life |
| Wedder | A castrated sheep is called wedder |
| Weaning | Weaning is defined as separation of calf from its mother immediately after birth or within two or three days of birth. |
| Abdomen | Abdomen is the belly. It contains most of the digestive organs. |
| Abortion | Premature expulsion of foetus or loss of foetus before completion of pregnancy. |
| Abortion disease | Brucellosis |
| Acetonemia | It is called ketosis or chronic milk fever occurs due to metabolic disorder in cattle |
| Abnormal milk | It is the one which is bitter, ropy, slimy, discoloured or coloured, has bad odour and flavour due to bacterial contamination. The most common cause of it the Mastitis which may turn milk to be flaky, stringy, watery, straw coloured and sometimes bloody. It may be detected by strip cup test. |
| Acedophilus milk | It consists of culture Lactobacillus acidophilus in pasteurized skim milk incubated until lactic acid reached to 1%. |
| Albumin | Albumin are simple proteins which are water soluble and coagulate when heated. |
| Artificial insemination | It is the process of depositing semen in female reproductive organs by instrument at proper time and at proper place. |
| Artificial vagina | It is prepared by assembling outer heavy rubber cylinder, latex linear semen receiving cone and semen collecting vial It is used for collection of semen. |
| Acidosis | Acidosis is known as pregnancy disease.It is also a metabolic disorder of decreased alkalinity of blood and tissues due to increased acids in a system. |
| Alkali disease | It is name for seleneum disease . |
| Anesthesia | It is a complete or partial loss of sensation caused by anesthetic may be general or local. |
| Anorexia | Loss of appetite |
| Anthrax | Anthrax is infectious disease of livestock and man mostly transmitted through infected food. It is caused by Bacillus anthracis spore former. Average incubation period is 24 hours to 5 days, causing death in 1 to 2 days in acute form and characterized by bloody discharge from natural orifices on death. |
| Anthrax-spore vaccine | It is composed of living anthrax spores, in a weakened form which can not cause disease. |
| Antineuratic vitamin | vit. B1 (Thiamine hydro chloride) |
| Polyneuritis | Vit B1, deficiency |
| Atrophy | condition of tissue becoming waste. |
| Autopsy | It is the post-martum examination. |
| Adrenal gland | It is a ductless gland upon located on the upper part of each kidney and secretes adrenaline hormone called epinephrine which increases blood pressure by contracting the musculature of blood vessels. |
| Anaerobic | Microorganism which grow in the absence of air/oxygen. |
| Antagonistic | It is medicine which counteracts actions of other medicine. |
| Antibiotic | Antibiotic are naturally produced chemical agents by micro-organisms and are used to prevent growth of some types of micro-organisms. e.g, penicillin, streptomycin, tetracycline, aureomycin, erithromycin. |
| Antibody | Antibody is specific protective substance produced by living tissue in defense organs invading micro-organisms/antigen therefore provide immunity. |
| Antiserum | it containing antibody |
| Babesia | Babesia are minute protozoa (B.bigemina) cause cattle-tick fever. |
| Crossbred | It is the hybrid resultant of crossbreeding. |
| Crossbreeding | It is the practice of mating two different breeds to produce a crossbred-(a hybrid). |
| Down calver | It is the cow which are about to give birth shortly within 10 to 15 days. |
| Diet | Diet is the amount of food consumed at one time to satisfy appetite. |
| Fermentation | Fermentation is the decomposition of organic matter and formation of gas and other compounds. |
| Freshen | Freshen is the act of starting the lactating cycle just after calving. |
| Foot and Mouth | It is a viral disease. Animals have dribbling salivation, fever and vesicles in mouth and feet. Prevention by polyvalent tissue culture vaccine. |
| Hog cholera | Hog cholera is highly contagious disease in swine caused by virus (incubation period lasts 7 to 12 days). |
| Hyperglycemia | Hyperglycemia an increase in blood sugar. |
| Hoof | Hoof is hard horny casing of feet of animals. |
| Infection | Infection is the invasion of body tissues by pathogenic micro-organisms. |
| Immunity | It is the power to resist of a certain infection can be inherited called natural, and acquired by vaccination. |
| Inoculation | Inoculation is the introduction of live micro-organisms. |
| Goiter | Iodine deficiency. |
| lodismis | Iodine poisoning. |
| Ileum | It is the last portion of the small intestine between jejunum and cecum. |
| Ilium | Ilium is the flank bone forming the pelvis. |
| Jugular veins | Jugular veins are the large veins on each side of the neck which returns the blood from head to heart. These are often used for intravenous administration of drugs. |
| Johne’s disease | It is paratuberculosis or pseudotubercculosis enteritis. Causal organism is Mycobacterium tuberculosis transmitted through contaminated water. It occurs usually in cattle over 2 years age. Symptoms are loss of flesh to the point of emaciation and intermittent diarrhoea. Has no satisfactory treatment. |
| Mastitis | It is very serious, infectious and contagious disease of udder symptoms Severe condition causes fibrosis. Causes are streptococcus, Staphylococcus pseudomnas, colifom and in dry cows by corynebacterium group of microbes. Treatment includes infusion of antibiotic formula in teat cistern. Prevention is by sanitation, dry hand milking, complete milking, segregation, disinfection. |
| Milk well | Milk well an area on the ventral part of body of cows where milk vein enters into body |
| Navel-ill | It is naval disease of young borns, causes are improper sanitation, infection of naval which is carried to liver, lungs and joints. |
| Osteomalacia | It is also called rickets and characterized by gradual softening and bending of bones. |
| Out crossing | It is a system of out breeding in which unrelated animals of the same breed are mated. |
| Ovary | primary reproductive organs in female. |
| Oviduct | Oviduct is one of the two tubes which serves as passage of ovum from ovary to uterus. |
| Ovum | Ovum is the egg produced by Ovary has haploid condition of chromosomes. |
| Ovulation | Ovulation is the release of an ovum from the ovary. |
| Pharynx | It is the upper part of alimentary canal and located between oesophegus and mouth cavity. |
| Placenta | A structure that is large, round and flat organ which attaches foetus to the uterus. It establishes communication between mother and foetus by means of umblical cord. |
| Polled | Animals naturally hornless. |
| Parakeatosis | It is a skin disease characterised by crusts of the epidermis, caused by zinc deficiency. |
| Paralysis | It is the loss of sensation in a part of body is characterised by peculiar gait, trem or of muscles, weakness. |
| Paratuberculosis | Johne’s disease. |
| Pica | Means abnormal appetite or craving for natural food, such as bones, feathers, or droppings, rags, wood. |
| Parasite | An animal of plant living in or on other living organisms eq. protozoa, worms. |
| Parasiticides | An agent which destroys parasites. |
| Rumen | First stomach of ruminants,also known as paunch. |
| Abomosum | It is the fourth compartment of ruminant stomach and is similar to true stomach. |
| RBC | Red blood cells or erythrocytes Normal count 5 to 7 million per ml. |
| Silent heat | It is the estrus in which a female does not show sign of heat.most common in buffalo |
| Silage | It is a succulent, preserved green fodder by fermentation in silo. |
| Surra | It is a Trypanosome disease caused by protozoan parasite. |
Important Definition:- Animal Husbandry Definition
SIR WEATHER RELATION IN ANIMAL