Cotton Cultivation Best Question in Easy Form

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Cotton Cultivation

 

Cotton Cultivation All Information in One Liner

Cultivation All Information

G. – Gossypium

  Question Answer
1 Botanical name? Gossypium spp.
2 Family? Malvaceae
3 Origin place? India
4
G. arborium & G. herbaceum are
 Desi cotton
5 Chromosome no. in G. arborium & G.herbaceum 2n= 26 (Diploid)
6
G. barbadence  are Known as?
 Sea island cotton
7 G. hirsutum & G barbadence  are? 2n=52 (tetraploids)
8
American cotton is?
 G. hirsutum
9
Highest fiber length in?
 G. barbadence
10 Cotto.n Also known as ? White Gold, & King of appraisal fibre
11 Cultivated cotton is? Annual
12
colour of desi cotton is?
 Dull or Brown
13 American cotton Fibre has colour? creamy white
14 Which crop is often cross pollinated plant, Deep rooted, tap root system? Cotto.n
15 Oil content in cotton seed varies from? 14.5 to 25.6%


  Question Answer
16 cotto.n seed contain  protien? 20 %
17 Lint percent? 33 %
18 Toxic pigment/phenol compound present in cotton seed is? Gossypol
19
The long outgrowth forms?
 Staple/Lint
20
The shorter outgrowth forms?
 Fuzz
21 Weight of one bale of cotton is? 170 kg
22 Cotto.n is highly sensitive to? 2,4-D and Glyphosate
23
Common Weedicide used?
 Diuron
24 Which is 2,4-D resistant cotton gene? Gene tfd-A
25 The appearance of flower bud in cotton is known as Square
26 Separation of fiber from the seed cotto.n is known as. Ginning
27
General ginning ranges 
 30-35% (33%)
28 Seed after removing lint Cotton seed
29 Seed + lint Seed cotton
30 The best soil for cotto.n cultivation is Black soil

All Information in One Liner

  Question Answer
31 Fiber length and fiber fineness are Genetic traits.
32 Fiber maturity measured by Arealometer
33 Fiber thickness measured by Nepiness
34 Spinning performance measured by Number of counts
35 Staple length & Fibre length of cotton Measured by  Halo measurement method
36
Strength is measured by 
 Pressley strength tester or stelometer
37
Degree of formation of cellulose in the fibre of thickening of its cell wall.
 Maturity
38 Treating fibre with 18 % caustic soda and examine under microscop Maturity Test
39 short fibre remain attached to seed after ginning Tinter
40
If fiber average weight is below 3.0 micro gram then it is
 Very fine fiber
41
Fiber is very strong when breaking point is more than
 95 kg/sq cm
42
Nutrient management
 100-120:20-30:15-20 (N:P:Zn kg/ha).
43  Water requirement  50-65 cm
44
No of counts in Indian cotto.n
 22 counts
45
No of counts required for best quality cotton
 80-400 counts

  Question Answer
46 Which is an elongation/outgrowth of an epidermal cell of seed coat. Cotton fiber
47
Number of fibers in one seed?
 60000-80000 fibers
48
Genetic traits of cotton for fiber quality
 Fiber length and fiber fineness
49  How many cotton species are cultivated Out of 20 species? only 4
50 Which is the only country in the world where all four species of cotton are grown on commercial scale besides hybrid. India
51
Hybrid area
 40%
52 G. hirsutum area 36%
53 G. arboriun area 16%
54 G. herbaceum area 8%
55 G. bardadence area 0.2%
56
 Short staple length
 <19.5 mm
57  Medium staple length 20-21.5 mm
58 Superior medium length 22-24.5mm
59 Long staple length  24.5-26.5mm
60  Superior length >27 mm

All Information in One Liner

 
Varieties
61 G.arborium Lohit, Virnar
62 G.herbaceum Digvijay, Sanjay
63 Ganganagar agety, Bikaneri nerma G.hirsutum
64 G barbadence Suvin and Sujata
65 Which is the first spinning variety of Egyptian cotton released in India Sujata
66 Intra-specific hybrid of hirsutum Savita, Surya
67  Which is first intra-specific hybrid variety? H-4
68 H-4 is the cross of  G-67 x American nectorless
69 H-4 was the first hybrid of cotton developed in the world by  Dr. C.T. Patel in 1970 
70 Father of hybrid cotto.n is: Dr. C. T. Patel
71
Which is first inter-specific hybrid between G. hirsutum × G-barbadence Released from UAS, Dharwad.
 Varalaxmi
72 Which was first developed in 1987 (By Monsanto, USA) and released for commercial cultivation for the first time in the world in 1996 and introduced in India in 2002 Bt. cotton
73 Bt.cotton is effective against  bollworm pest complex of cotton.
74
Bt Cotton in India given by
(Also known as Father of Bt cotton in India)
 CD Mayee


  Cotton Seed rate
75 Desi  10-18 kg 
76 American 15-25 kg 
77 Hybrid 2-3 kg 
78 BT 1-1.5 kg
Cotton Spacing
79 Desi 67.5 x 30 cm 
80 American 67.5x 30 cm 
81 Hybrid 100 x 60 cm 
82  Plant population/ ha for BT cotton 10,000
83 Optimum plant population:  50,000-80,000 (average 66,000 plants ha)
84
Done with concentrate sulphuric acid in a ratio of acid to cotton seed about 1:10.
 Delinting/ deffusing
85
Which is helps in grading the seed, Kill hibernatíng insect stages, Destroy the diseased pathogens, and makes seeds easy to sowing & germinates rapidly
 Delinting/ deffusing
86 Vegetative branches Monopodial
87  Reproductive branches Sympodial

All Information in One Liner

  Question Answer
88
North India  Sowing time
 1st fortnight of May
89 Central India Sowing time Last week of June to first week of July,
90 In Tamil Nadu Sowing time September-October
91 The concept of Ultra-Narrow-Row (UNR) was developed in  USA
92 In UNR the Row to row and plant to plant spacing kept  19cm x 19cm
93
keeping a plant population/ha  in Ultra Narrow Row  .
 2,77,000
94 Removal of terminal growing point once from each plant at a height of 1-1.2 m (80-90DAS) to protect further terminal growth and to encourage sympodial branching and good boll development  Topping
95
Finger Leaf disease caused by
 2,4-D
96 The extra-long staple variety MCU-5
97 Tirak/bad ball opening/pre-mature defective opening of bolls due to _______ on light sandy or in alkaline soils. early sowing and water stress
98
Little leaf in cotto.n is due to
 Zn deficiency
99 Crinkle leaf of cotto.n is due to Mn toxicity
100 More susceptible for read leaves (turn red & rolled dowaward) American cotton 

  Questions Answer
101 Cotton native to? India
102 Thinning should be done in cotton at? 15th day
103 Nipping should be done in cotton at? 80-90 day after
104 cotton is to soil salinity? High tolerant
105 Maximum seed cotton yield has been recorded in? Deep soils
106 Depth for maxi. seed cotton yield in? >90 cm
107 Soil depth should be? >60 cm
108 Optimum pH? 5.5 to 8 (7-8)
109 Daily min. temp. required for germination? 16°C
110 Optimum temp. for vegetative growth is? 21°C (21–27°C )
111 Optimum temperature for boll development? 27 – 32°C
112 Suitable daytime temp. for bud formation and flowering? >20°C  (<40°C)
113 Suitable night temp. for bud formation and flowering? >12°C (<27°C)
114 Mean RH for cottton? 70%
115 Fiber elongation process is complete by? 21-24 days
116 Peak flowering stage of cotton? 70-100 DAS
117 Normally Squaring occur in how many days? 35-70 DAS
118 Cotton boll attains 90% size Within? 15-18 days
119 Cotton boll Mature size is attained within? 25 days
120 How many days flowering take place after first square formation? 20-35 days
121 Germination takes place in? 4-7 DAS
122 Backbone of textile industry is known as? Cotton
123 How much world’s fiber need is met from cotton? 40-50%
124 What % supply by Cotton of world’s edible oil 10%
125 What % of Bt. Cotton in total cotton areas? 81%
126 Southern Ethiopia Cotton is? G. herbaceum
127 South America Cotton is? G. barbadense
128 South America Cotton also known as? Egyptian Cotton 
129 Central America Cotton is? G. hirsutum
130 Kown as American Cotton? G. hirsutum

 

Question Answer
Pink Bollwormn  Pectinophora gossypiella
Spotted Bollwormn  
Earias vitella 
American Bollworm Helicoverpa armigera 
Red cotton Bug  Dysdercus cingulatus
White Fly Bemisia tabaci
Aphid  Aphis gossypii 
Leaf Roller Syllepte derogata
cotton jassid  Amrasca bigutulla
Fusarium wilt is caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum
Anthracnose is caused by  Colletotrichum gossypii
Seed treatment for Anthracnose  with Agrosan GN@g/kg seed 2.5
Bacterial blight/Angular leafspot?
 Xanthmonas malvacearum
Bacterial blight/Angular leafspot  is? Internally seed borne
Seed treatment for Bacterial blight/Angular leafspot Streptomycin

 History of Cotton

  • It has been cultivated for more than 5000 years in Indus valley.
  • Cultivation of cotton spread from India to Egypt and then to Spain and Italy. Every evidence shows that India is the origin
  • Development in agriculture 16 century A.D. Introduction of crops like potato, sweet potato, cassava, tomato, chillies
  • From India, cotton was introduced eastward to China and Westward to Egypt around A.D. 600 but it was probably not cultivated there as a field crop for textile purposes until the thirteenth or fourteenth century
  • Growing in India, USA, Russia, China, Brazil, Egypt, Pakistan, Turkey, Mexico and Sudan.
  • These countries nearly account for 80-90% of total cotton production
  • C.T. Patel develops hybrid cotton, ‘H-4’ in 1967
  • Central Institute for Cotton Research Nagpur- 1976
  • Indian Central Cotton Committee (ICCC) (1921) was formed as recommendation of the Indian Central Cotton Commission (1917–18)
  •  PIRRCOM (Project for intensification of regional research on cotton, oil seeds and millets)- 1956

Season and Varieties

  • Winter irrigated (August–September in T.N)- MCU-5, MCU-9, MCU-11, Suvin, HB-224, Jayalakshmi, TCHB 213
  • Summer irrigated (February–March in T.N )- MCU 5, MCU 9, LRA 5166, SVPR 1
  • Short duration (January–February in T.N)- MCU 7
  • Medium duration (January–February in T.N)- LRA 5166
  • Rain fed (September–October in T.N)- MCU.10, LRA 5166, K.10, Paiyur1
  • Rice fallow (February–March in T.N)- ADT 1, MCU 7

Land Preparation

  • Field is ploughed & prepared to a fine tilth. Application of 12.5 t FYM/ha basal
  • Ridges & furrows are formed at 10 m long with spacing depending
  • 50% of N & full dose of P & K is applied basally & the remaining 50% N is applied at squaring/basal stage
  • Application of 12.5 kg of micro nutrient mixture is also recommended
  • Azospirillum- also for Cotton, sugarcane, oilseeds

Acid Delinting

  • Commercial conc. H2SO4 at 100 ml/ha of fuzzy seeds.
  • Seeds is completely digested & the seed coat attain a dark brown colour of coffee seeds after roasting
  • Remove the ill filled & floating seeds while the healthy & good seeds remain in the bottom.
  • After acid delinting, the seeds are treated with carbendazim/captan/thiram at 2 g/kg of seeds.

Disease Management

  • Control bacterial leaf blight – Copper oxy chloride 2.5 kg/ha
  • Control alternaria leaf spot – Mancozeb 1.0 kg/ha
  •  Control boll rot – Carbendazim 500 gm
  • Control root rot – Spot application of Carbendazim at 1 g/l

Pest Management

  • For managing white fly, tolerant varieties LPS 141 and Supriya   crop-rotation with non-preferred hosts as sorghum, ragi & maize.
  • NSKE- Neem seed kernel extract 5% or neem oil at 5 ml/l or monocrotophos 36 WSC 1.25 l/ha
  • Control Thrips, Aphids, Leaf hopper– Monocrotophos 1000 ml/ha
  • Control Bollworms and pink boll worm– Endosulfan 0.07% & Triazophos 0.1%.
  • Control Tobacco cut worm– Chlorpyriphos 20EC 2.0 l/ha

Weed Management

  • Pre-emergence herbicide fluchoralin@2 l/ha/[email protected] l/ha followed by
  • Hand weeding on 35–40 DAS. The field is irrigated immediately after herbicideapplication.
  • Gap filling at 10 days after sowing and thinning at 15 DAS
  • Spraying of NAA@40 ppm is done to prevent early shedding of buds & squares at square formation
  • Drift control agents – Herbicide spray drifts may pose serious hazards to non-target plants e.g. 2,4–D on Cotton

Irrigation Management

  • Germination Stage-  1 to 15 Day
  • Vegetative  Stage-     16 to 44 Day
  • Flowering Stage-      45 to 100 Day

Cropping pattern

  • Wetland cropping patterns-: Rice – Rice – Cotton
  •  Irrigated dry cropping patterns-: Cotton((Aug-Feb)- Sorghum–Ragi
  •  Rainfed dryland cropping patterns-: Cotton + black gram/green gram

Sowing

  • Winter Irrigated : August–September sowing
  • Summer : February–March sowing
  • Rice fallow : January–February sowing
  • Rainfed cotton : September–October sowing

Some Advance Point

Question Answer
Plant height is 1.5–2 m, leaves have 7 lobes, leaves & twigs are pubescent, fibres are coarse & short with 1.25–2.10 cm length? G. Arboreum
Plant height is 1–1.5 m. Leaves & twigs sparsely hairy Leaves have 3–6 lobes, Fibre length is 1.25–2.30 cm? G. Herbaceum
plants are 1.5 m tall, Leaves & twigs are densely hairy, Leaves have 3–5 lobes, Fibre length is 1.8–3.1 cm? G. hirsutum
Plants are 2.5 m tall, Leaves are deeply lobed with 3–5 lobes & fibre length is 3.6–5.0 cm. Lint is readily detachable from the seeds? G. Barbadense
Cotton is a which season crop? warm season
Cotton cannot with stand frost & its cultivation is restricted up to? 1000 m. altitude
Cotton can be successfully grown(Black soil) on all soils except? Sandy, Saline & water logged 
Cotton seed cake after oil extraction is a good organic manure & contains % about N:P:K ? 6:3:2
Nipping is done beyond 15th node at? 70–80 DAS
The Cotton are picked from well burst bolls in the___& Harvesting is done at 7 days interval? morning up to 10–11 A.M
Critical stages/Sensitive stages of Cotton? Flowering & Boll formation
Reddening of  leaves in cotton by? Mn deficiency
Cotton seed cake manure (decorticated) N:P:K? 6.9 : 3.1 : 1.6
Cotton seed cake (undecorticated) N:P:K? 3.6 : 2.5 : 1.6
Picking process in? Cotton, Vegetables, Brinjal, Bhindi, Chillie
Sub-tropical crop? Cotton,Rice
Castor in Cotton, groundnut act as crop for army worm pest? Trap crops
Rice-Rice-Cotton, Ragi-Cotton-Sorghum is a? Sequential cropping
Cotton–Berseem is a? Relay cropping
Soybean with cotton is a? Parallel cropping
Mesta around sugarcane, sorghum around cotton, safflower around Gram? Guard/barrier crops
Cotton + black gram/Green gram? Companion cropping
Deep rooted crops are? Cotton, Maize, sorghum
Cottton is a Long duration crop? 140-200 days
Cotton Crops grown on? Upland soil
Cotton crop tolerant to? Alkali/Sodic soils
Cotton is sensitive to which conditions? soil moisture
Ridges and furrows practiced in wide row spaced crops like? Cotton, maize, chillies, tomato
Cotton (GJ MH PB), Jute & Mesta, Potato Onion,Sugarcane are? Cash Crops
Cotton Lint Production? 1/3 of Kapas Production
Cotton Seed Production? 2/3 of Kapas Production
Oil to Seeds Crushed?           14-18 %
Cake to Seeds Crushed? 82–86 %

All Information in One Liner

 

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