Agricultural Entomology Basic Study Point
Agricultural Entomology Basic Study Material
1.Important History of Entomology
| History | Year |
| (Lionel de Nicevelle) posting of the first entomologist to the Government of India in Which year? | 1901 |
| “Indian Insect Pests” & “Indian Insect Life” Books by Professor Maxwell in Which year? | 1906 |
| Indian Central Cotton Committee to investigate on pests of cotton in Which year? | 1921 |
| Indian Lac Research Institute established in Which year? | 1925 |
| Government of India started the “Directorate of plant protection” in Which year? | 1946 |
| “The Desert Locust in India” monograph by Y.R. Rao in Which year? | 1960 |
|
“The monograph on Indian Thysanoptera” by Dr. T.N. Ananthakrishnan in Which year?
|
1969 |
| The destructive insects and pets act launched in which year? | 1914 |
| Insecticides Act, launched in which year? | 1968. |
2.Position Of Insects In Animal Kingdom
| Position Of Insect In Animal | |
| Kingdom | Animalia |
| Phylum | Arthropoda |
| Subphylum | Uniramia |
| Class | Insecta |
3.Relationship of Insects with other Arthropods
| Characters | ||
| Habit | ||
| Onychophora | Crustacea | Arachnida |
| Terrestrial | Aquatic and few terrestrial | Terrestrial |
| Body regions | ||
| Not distinct | Divided into Two part: Cephalothorax & abdomen | In Scorpion Divided into Three part:–Pro, meso and Metasoma. In Spider Divided into Three part:-Pro and Opisthosoma. |
| Antenna | ||
| 1 pair | 2 pair Antenna | No antenna |
| Visual Organs | ||
| Not distinct | One pair-Stalked compound eyes |
One pair-simple eyes |
| Locamotor organs | ||
| Many pairs of unjointed legs | Minimum five pairs of biramous legs | Four pairs |
| Mouth parts | ||
| Non mandibulate | Mandibulate (1 pair) | Non mandibulate, but possess chelicerae |
| Respiration | ||
| Cutaneous | Gill breathing | Book lungs (Scorpion) and tracheal (spiders) |
| Body fluid | ||
| Haemolymph | Haemolymph | Haemolymph |
| Circulatory system | ||
| Heart with ostia | Heart with ostia | Heart with ostia |
| Development | ||
| Ana morphosis | Ana morphosis | Meta morphosis absent in:- Scorpion. Meta morphosis present in:-mites |
| Habit | ||
| Feed on organic matter | Herbivorus and Carnivorous | Phyto phagous and predators |
| Special features | ||
| Link between Annelida and Arthropoda | Classification strengthens exoskeleton | Life cycle; Egg – larva – nymph adult. larva with 3 paris of legs and Nymph with 4 pairs of legs |
Relationship of Insects with other Arthropods
| Characters | ||
| Habit | ||
| Chilopoda | Diplopoda | Insects (Hexapoda) |
| Terrestrial | Terrestrial | Many terrestrial and very few aquatic |
| Body regions | ||
| Two- Head and multi segmented trunk | Two- Head and multi segmented trunk | Three- Head, thorax and abdomen |
| Antenna | ||
| 1 pair | 1 pair | 1 pair |
| Visual Organs | ||
| One pair simple eyes | One pair simple eyes | Both simple eyes and compound eyes (one pair) |
| Locamotor organs | ||
| One pair per segment (First pair of legs modified as poison claws) | Two pair per segment (No poison claws) | Three pairs of legs on three thoracic segments and two pairs of wings on meso and metathorax |
| Mouth parts | ||
| Mandibulate(1 pair) | Mandibulate (1 pair) | Mandibulate(1 pair) |
| Respiration | ||
| Tracheal | Tracheal | Tracheal |
| Body fluid | ||
| Haemo lymph | Haemo lymph | Haemo lymph |
| Circulatory system | ||
| Heart with ostia | Heart with ostia | Heart with ostia |
| Development | ||
| Meta morphosis | Meta morphosis | Meta morphosis |
| Habit | ||
| Carnivorous | Herbivorous | Phyto phagous, predators and parasitoides |
| Special features | ||
| Opisthogenital gonopore present in the terminal segment | Progogenital- gonopore in 3rd segment |
Genital structures on 8th and 9th abdominal segments. Brain with proto, deuto and trito cerebrum |
4.Seven Class Of Arthropoda
| Class | Example |
| Onychophora |
Peripatus (Claw bearing)
|
| Crustacea |
Prawn (Crusta – shell)
|
| Arachnida | Scorpicn, spider, tick, mite (Arachne-spider) |
| Chilopoda | Centipedes (Chilo-lip; poda- legs) |
| Diplopoda | Millipedes (Diplo-two; poda- legs) |
|
Trilobita
|
an extinct group |
| Hexapoda | lnsects (Insecta: In- internal, sect- cut) (Hexa-six. poda-legs) |
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