Agronomy Important Material
Subject:- Agronomy
1. Types of Drought According To Annual Rainfall
| Types of Drought | Annual Rainfall |
| Slightly drought | Less-than 11 to 25 % of the normal rainfall. |
| Moderate drought | Less-than 26 to 50 % of the normal rainfall. |
| Severe drought | Less-than 50 % of the normal rainfall. |
| Meterological drought | Less-than 75% of the normal rainfall. |
2. Infiltration Rate
| Types of Infiltration | Infiltration cm/hr. | Types of Soil |
| Very slow | <0.25 | Very clay soil. |
| Slow | 0.25 to 1.25 | Soils with high clay. |
| Moderate | 1.25 to 2.5 | Sandy loam soil. |
| Rapid | >2.5 | Deep sandy silt soil. |
3. Seed Multiplication Ratio of Crops
| Crop | Seed multiplication ratio |
| Paddy | 1:80 |
| Paddy (Hybrids) | 1:100 |
| Wheat | 1:20 |
| Potato | 1:4 |
| Chickpea | 1:10 |
| Groundnut | 1:8 |
| Bajara | 1:200 |
| Rapessed & Jute | 1:100 |
| Red gram | 1:100 |
| Hybrid Maize & Sorghum | 1:100 |
| Maize | 1:80 |
| Blackgram & Greengram | 1:40 |
| Cotton | 1:50 |
| Soybean | 1:16 |
| Oats | 1:15 |
| Ragi | 1:80 |
| Sunflower | 1:50 |
| Sesame | 1:250 |
| Safflower and castor | 1:60 |
Seed Multiplication Ratio:- It is the number of seeds to be produced from a single seed when it is sown and harvested.
4. Released Varieties of Improved Quality
| Crop | Quality character |
| Maize | High lysine |
| Sugarcane | High sucrose |
| Barley | Malting quality |
| Soybean | High protein & oil |
| Rapseed | High oil |
5. Quality Character & Varieties Released Of Crops
| Quality Character | Varieties Released |
| High lysine | Protina, Shakti & Ratan. |
| High sucrose | Co-671, Co-6806, Co-7314, Co-7704. |
| Malting quality | Karan-15, Karan-92, Karan -80. |
| High protein & oil | Lee (Protein – 43-45, Oil – 23 – 25%) |
| High oil | K-88 (48.8% oil) |
6. Plant Breeder & Related Crops In India
| Scientist | Crop |
| Ramiah | Rice |
| Ramdhan Singh & B.P. Pal | Wheat |
| Venkatraman | Sugarcane |
| Pushkarnath | Potato |
| Dharmapal Singh | Oilseeds |
| Bosisen, Palwal & Dhawan | Maize |
| Dr. N.G.P. Rao | Sorghum |
| Dr. Athwal | Bajara |
| Dr. M.S. Swaminathan | Mutation breeding |
| Dr. Norman E Borlaug | Mexican dwarf Wheat Varieties. |
7. Soil Conservation Measures
| Practice | Slopes |
| Agronomy measures | <2% |
| Mechanical measures | >2% |
| Different types of mechanical measures | |
| Contour bunding | 6% |
| Graded bunding / Channel bunding | 2-10% |
| Bench terracing | 16-33% |
| Zing terracing | 3-10% |
8. Rotational intensity In Different Cropping System
| Cropping System | Rotational iIntensity |
| Shifting cultivation | <33% |
| Fallow or Lay system | 33 to 66% |
| Permanent cultivation | 66% to 100% |
| Multiple cropping | >100% |
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