Pulse Insect Pest & Their Management

Pulse Insect Pest & Management

Pests of Pulses- Black Gram, Green Gram, Lablab & Cowpea

Scientific Name	Family	Order
Major Pests
Bean Aphid
Aphis craccivora	Aphididae	Hemiptera
Thrips
Ayyaria chaetophora, Caliothrips indicus,  Megalurothrips distalis	Thripidae	Thysanoptera
Whitefly
Bemisia tabaci	Aleyrodidae	Hemiptera
Green leafhopper
Empoasca kerri, E. binotata, E. flavescens	Cicadellidae	Hemiptera
Pod bug
Clavigralla horrens, C. gibbosa, Anoplocnemis phasiana	Coreidae	Hemiptera
Lablab bugs /stink bug
Coptosoma cribraria	Coremelanidae	Hemiptera
Leaf webber
Eucosma critica	Eucosmidae	Lepidoptera
Lab-Lab leaf miner
Cyphosticha coerula	Gracillariidae	Lepidoptera
Termites
Odontotermes obesus	Termitidae	Isoptera
Minor Pests
Redgram scale
Ceroplastodes cajani	Coccidae	Hemiptera
Redgram leaf roller
Caloptilia soyella	Gracillaridae	Lepidoptera
Leaf folder
Anticarsia irrotata	Noctuidae	Lepidoptera
Leaf eating caterpillar
Azazia rubricans	Noctuidae	Lepidoptera
Sphingid caterpillar
Acherontia styx	Sphingidae	Lepidoptera
Leaf cutter bee
Megachile anthracena	Megachilidae	Hymenopter

Pulse Insect Pest & Management

Major pests

1.Bean Aphid

Scientific Name: Aphis craccivora

Host range– Groundnut, Red gram, Peas, Beans, Safflower, Lablab, Niger

Damage symptoms

• Both nymphs and adults cause the damage by sucking the plant sap.
• Infested pods become deshaped, withered and malformed.
• Severe infestation may result in complete drying of affected pods.

Management

• Use entomopathogenic fungus Fusarium pallidoroseum or Beauveria bassiana.
• Spraying of infested crop with 500 methyl demeton 25 EC or dimethoate or 125 ml imidaclorpid in 500 L water per ha effectively control aphids.

2.Thrips

Scientific Name: Ayyaria chaetophora, Caliothrips indicus, Megalurothrips distalis

Damage symptoms

• The leaves are mottled with characteristic silvering due to the attack of insect.
• especially under dry spell on lab lab, black gram, green gram, cow pea. Later leaves dry and shed.
• Damaged plants do not develop pods.

Management

• Spray Malathion 50 EC 1.0 L or Carbaryl 50 WP 1.0 kg in 700 L water.

3.Whitefly

Scientific Name: Bemisia tabaci

Host range– Black gram, green gram, red gram, lobia, cotton, tobacco and cassava

Damage symptoms

• The damage is caused by both nymphs and adults.
• They suck plant sap and lower its vitality.
• Severe infestation results in premature defoliation, development of sooty mould or honey dew and shedding of flowers and pods.

Management

• Spray the infested crop with malathion 50 EC 1.0 L or phosalone 50 EC 750 ml or dimethoate 30 EC 750 ml in 700 – 1000 L water/ha.

4.Green leaf hopper

Scientific Name: Empoasca kerri, E. binotata, E.flavescens

Host plants– Greengram, Blackgram, Cowpea

Damage symptoms

• The nymphs and adults feed on tender leaves and other parts of the plant by sucking the plant sap.
• In cases of severe attack, leaves become brittle and dry.
• Characteristics hopper burn i.e cupping of leaves appear.

Management

• Spray the infested crop with methyl-o- demeton 750 ml in 700 – 1000 L water per ha.
• Pod bug

Scientific Name: Riptortus pedestris, Clavigralla gibbosa, Clavigralla horrens,

Host range– Redgram and other pulses.

Damage symptoms

• The nymphs and adults suck the juice of unripe seeds from the green pods.
• In case of severe infestation the tender parts get shrivelled and later dries up.
• The bugs are seen clustered around on the pods.

Management

• Spraying the infested crop with endosulfan 35 EC 2.0 L in 700 – 1000 L water/ha.

5.Lablab bugs / stink bug

Scientific Name: Coptosoma cribraria

Host range: Bean, Lentil

Damage symptoms

• Both nymphs and adults cluster on the tender shoots and suck the sap.
• Heavily infested wines dry and shed away.
• Moderately infested plants remain weak and stunted in growth.

Management

Spray the infested crop with endosulfan 35 EC 2.0 L in 700 L water/ha.

6.Leaf webber

Scientific Name: Eucosma critica

Host range– Red gram and other pulses

Damage symptoms

• The damage is caused by the larvae, which bores into the tender shoots of folded leaves and feed from within.
• Since the terminal leaves get spun together growing tip is damaged.
• The growth of the main shoot is affected

Management

• Spray the infested crop with endosulfan 35 EC 2.0 L in 700 L water/ha.

7.Lab-lab leaf miner

Scientific Name: Cyphosticha coerulea

Host plants– Blackgram, greengram, cowpea

Damage symptoms

• Tiny larvae bore into the epidermis of the leaf and forms blisters through mining.

Management

• Spray the infested crop with endosulfan 35 EC 2.0 L or methyldemeton 750 ml in 700 L water/ ha.

8.Termites

Scientific Name: Odontotermes obesus

Host plants – wheat, barley, sugarcane, pea, sorghum, pearl millet, maize, groundnut.

Damage symptoms

• Termite damage starts soon after sowing and continues till the growing stage.
• The leaves of damaged plants droop down which later wither and dry.

Management

• Pest is occurrence the soil should be mixed with endosulfan 4D or quinolphos 1.5 D or chlorpyriphos 5 D BHC or 10 D @ 35 kg/ha at the time of sowing.
• If the incidence of pest is noticed in standing crop dilute 2.5 L of endosulphan 35 EC or chlorpyriphos 20 EC in 5 L of water and mix it with 50 kg of soil and broabcast.

Minor Pests

9.Redgram scale

Scientific Name: Ceroplastodes cajani

Damage symptoms

• Tender branches are covered with scales attended by ants.
• Adults are round waxy scales

10.Redgram leaf roller

Scientific Name: Caloptilia soyella

Damage symptoms

• Leaves rolled up apically become white and dries up.
• Adult moth is very small.
• Larva is creamy yellow or green with sparse hairs on the body.

11.Leaf folder

Scientific Name: Anticarsia irrotata

Damage symptoms

• Larva folds the leaves together.
• Adult is yellowish brown moth with oblique black lines on the wings.
• Larva is green coloured.

12.Leaf eating caterpillar

Scientific Name: Azazia rubricans

Damage symptoms

• The larva causes severe defoliation.
• Larva is slender green with ashy white band between each segment.
• A few narrow lines along the back and bright yellowish brown stripes along the sides may or may not be present.
• It has looping movement in spite of the presence of all prolegs.
• Adult moth resembles a dry leaf.

Question	Answer
Premature defoliation, development of sooty mould, shedding of flowers & pods in pulses is due to?	Whitefly
—that sucks juice from unripe pods of pulses?	Pod bug
—-lay ivory white sculptured eggs in two rows of 35-50 batches on the tender pods?	Stink bug
Formation of blisters through mining is the symptom of ___ in pulses?	Leaf miner
The queen termite may lay up to—-eggs per day?	30,000
Termite affected plant will come out easily when?	Pulled
Adult moth of which insect resembles a dry leaf?	Leaf eating caterpillar
__cut semicircular bits of redgram leaves for making larval chambers?	Leaf cutter bee
—is largest in size among the coreid pod bugs in pulses?	Anoplecnemis phasiana
Formation of blisters by minng into the leaf epidermis in lab-lab is due to?	Leaf miner

Q.1 Leaves mottled with characteristic silvering in pulses is due to the attack of?

• Thrips
• Aphids
• Leaf hopper
• Whitefly

Answer

Q.2 Infested pod becomes malformed and withered due to the attack of?

• Aphids
• Thrips
• Whitefly
• Pod bug

Answer

Q.3 Bemisia tabaci belongs to which order?

• Diptera
• Coleoptera
• Hemiptera
• Trichoptera

Answer

Q.4 __ is the scientific name of pulse pod bug?

• Riptortus pedestris
• Clavigralla horrens
• Anoplocnemis phasiana
• all the above

Answer

Q.5 Alternate host of Aphis craccivora?

• Safflower
• Groundnut
• Redgram
• All the above

Answer

Q.6 Alternate host of Bemisia tabaci?

• cotton
• tobacco
• Moong
• all the above

Answer

Pulse Insect Pest & Management