Classification of Fungicide
Classification of Fungicide
Fungicides:- These are chemicals used to kill fungi.
Types of Fungicides
(A) Sulphur Fungicide:- It is divided into two types e.g. Elemental sulphur and Lime sulphur.
1. Elemental sulphur:- It is also divided into two parts.
(a) Dust:- it is used as dust @ 25kg/ha.
(b)Wettable powder:- it is more popular and used as spray @ 2.5% eg. Sulfex
2. Lime Sulphur:- It is used as dormant spray.
| Sulphur Fungicide | |
| Sulphur fungicides are effective against? | powdery mildews. |
| Use of sulphur in summer (above 30 °C) may cause injury to melons because of which type nature of cucurbits? | Soft and Alkaline |
(B) Copper compound Fungicides:- e.g. CuSO4
| Copper Compound fungicides | |
| Which type nature have copper fungicides? | Inorganic |
| copper fungicides are effective against? | Both fungi and bacterial diseases. |
| (1) Copper Sulphate | |
| Copper Sulphate was first of all discovered by Prevost (1807) against which disease? | Bunt disease of wheat. |
| (2) Bordeaux mixture | |
| Who is (Prof. of botany at Bordeaux University in France 1882) discovered Bordeaux mixture from the mixture of copper sulphate and lime? | PMA Millardet |
| It was used against? | Downy mildew of grapes. |
| Composition of Bordeaux mixture? | Copper sulphate + lime + water (5: 5: 50: ratio) |
| (3) Burgundy mixture /Soda mixture | |
| Burgundy mixture is discovered by? | Mason, 1887 |
| In this mixture lime is replaced by? | sodium carbonate or washing soda. |
| Composition of Burgundy mixture? | Copper sulphate + sodium carbonate + water (5:6:50) |
| (4) Chaubattia paste | |
| Chaubattia paste is discovered by? | V.B. Singh, 1942 |
| This was used as a wound dressing fungicides against disease of apple and pear as? | black stem, brown stem etc |
| Composition of Chaubattia paste? | Copper carbonate + red lead + raw linseed oil or linolin (8:8:10) |
| Copper oxychloride | |
| Damping off and leaf blights are effectively checked by? | Copper oxychloride. |
| Who discovered the downey mildew for the first time in India? | EJ Butler |
| (C) Dithiocarbamates fungicides | |
| It is also known as? | Organic sulphur fungicides |
| Which organic fungicide was first to be used commercially? | Spergon |
| Thiram | |
| Which is first dithiocarbate? | Thiram |
| Thiram is mostly used to? | Seed Treatment |
| Zineb | |
| Which is safe & widely used in soil and as foliar spray mostly for fruit diseases. | Zineb |
| Example of Zineb? | Dithane Z-78 |
| Maneb | |
| Example of Maneb? | Dithane M-22 |
| Mancozeb | |
| It contains? | Zinc and Mn. |
| Which is best and widely used foliar spray fungicide? | Mancozeb |
| Example of Mancozeb? | Dithane M-45, Indofil M-45 |
| Vapam/Metham-sodium | |
| Vapam is mostly used as? | Soil fungicides |
| Used for soil sterilization, acting as? | Fungicides, Nematicides & Herbicides. |
Classification of Fungicide
| (D) Systemic Fungicide | |
| Oxathiin | |
| The first systemic fungicide “Carboxin’ was developed by? | Von Schmeling and Kulka in 1966. |
| Carboxin/DMO | |
| Vitavax is used for the controlling of which disease? | Smut of cereals |
| Trade name of Carboxin? | Vitavax |
| Specially used against? | loose smut of wheat and Rhizoctonia disease of cotton. |
| Oxycarboxin | |
| Trade name of Oxycarboxin? | Plantvax |
| It is used against? | Rusts of wheat |
| It can be used in controlling disease which is related to? | Fungi imperfecti. |
| (E) Benzimidazoles | |
| It comes under the trade names of? | Benomyl and Bavistin |
| It is a superior systemic fungicide which acts as a good | Eradicant and Protectant. |
| (F) Phenylamides | |
| Metalaxyl M was the superior fungicides itroduced in which year? | 1977 |
| Active on oomycetous fungi and inhibit? | rRNA synthesis. |
| (G) Organo mercurial | |
| It is effective as? | fungicide and bactericide. |
| Organic mercurial are basically used as? | Eradicant |
| Due to which reason now it is banned in India? | High toxicity |
| Example of Organo mercurial? | Agrosan GN, Aretan, Ceresan, Agallol. |
| (H) Other fungicides | |
| Captan | |
| It is used as Seed treatment and soil drenching @ 0.25% for protection against? | Damping off disease. |
| Karathane (Dinocap) | |
| It is used against which disease of plants? | Powdery mildew diseases |
| It is also used for controlling of? | mites |
| Antibiotics | |
| Which Antibiotics at 100 ppm or more has been found effective against bacterial seed borne pathogen? | Streptomycin |
| To reduce the possibility of development of resistant strain in bacteria, streptomycin is mixed with Oxy-tetracycline (Terramycin). This mixture is called? | Agrimycin |
| Example of Antibiotics? | Streptomycin, Aureofungin |
| Triazoles | |
| This is most active on? | powdery mildews, rusts and leaf spot fungi. |
| This is important member of? | sterol biosynthesis inhibitors (SBIs) |
| Fungicides and their trade name | |
| Common name | Trade name |
| Copper Fungicides | |
| Bordeaux mixture | Copper sulphate + lime + water |
| Burgandy mixture | lime is replaced by Sodium carbonate or washing soda |
| Copper Sulphate | Blue Copper |
| Copper oxychloride | Blitox-50, Fytolan |
| Organo mercurial | |
| Ethyl mercury chloride | Ceresan |
| Methoxy ethyl mercuric chloride | Aretan, Agallol |
| Phenyl mercury acetate + ethyl mercuric chloride | Agrosan G N |
| Benzimidazoles | |
| Benlate | Benomyl |
| Carbendazim | Bavistin, Derosal |
| Dithiocarbamate | |
| Maneb | Dithan M-22 |
| Mancozeb | Dithan M-45, Indofil |
| Zineb | Dithan Z-78 |
| Other fungicide | |
| Thiram | Arasan, Thiride |
| Phthalimides |
Captan |
| Dinocap | Karathane, Arathane |
| Oxycarboxin |
Plantvax |
| Carboxin | Vitavax |
| Metalaxyl |
Ridomil, Apron |
| Metham N sodium | Vapam |
| Azoxystrobin- |
Amistar, Quadris |
| Fosetyl Al | Alietle |
| Streptomycin + Oxytetracyclin (Terramycin) | Agrimycin |
| Most widely used fungicides for control of diseases | |
| Vitavax is used against which disease of plants? | Smut |
| Plantvax is used against which disease of plants? | Rust |
| Sulphur dust is used against which disease of plants? | Powdery mildew |
| Metalaxyl is used against which disease of plants? | Downey mildew |
Classification of Fungicide
